http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/85 2026-06-22T12:35:56Z 2026-06-22T12:35:56Z NARZARY, KHWMTA http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/514 2026-05-22T05:52:45Z 2026-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CODE-MIXING AND CODE-SWITCHING IN SELECT BODO NOVELS Authors: NARZARY, KHWMTA Abstract: Abstract The thesis entitled “An Analytical Study of Code-Mixing and Code-Switching in Select Bodo Novels” investigates the sociolinguistic motivations and linguistic factors underlying the occurrence of code-mixing and code-switching in selected Bodo novels. This study situates itself within the field of sociolinguistics, where code-mixing and code-switching are recognized as common linguistic phenomena in bilingual and multilingual societies. These practices enhance communication by making it more effective, engaging, and meaningful, while also allowing speakers and writers to express their thoughts more precisely. In today’s context of globalization and rapid scientific advancement, bilingualism and multilingualism are increasingly widespread, especially among younger generations. Consequently, the use of code-mixing and code-switching has become more prevalent in both spoken and written communication. Code-mixing occurs when words or phrases from one language are inserted into another during communication, whereas code- switching refers to the alternation between two or more languages, varieties, or styles within a single utterance or discourse. This research analyses how code-mixing and code-switching function in select Bodo novels, where novelists frequently incorporate linguistic elements from Assamese, Bangla, Hindi, English, Sanskrit, Persian, and other languages. The study reveals that code-mixing primarily occurs at phonological and morphological levels, while code- switching manifests at sentence level in three forms, these are inter-sentential, intra- sentential, and tag switching. By examining these linguistic strategies, the research seeks to uncover not only the ways in which Bodo novelists used code-mixing and code-switching, but also the sociolinguistic and literary motivations behind their use. Ultimately, this study highlights how these practices enrich narrative style, reflect multilingual realities, and contribute to a deeper understanding of identity and cultural expression in Bodo literature. Organization of the chapters The first chapter provides a brief introduction to the concepts of code-mixing and code-switching, supported by definitions proposed by various linguists and scholars. Inaddition, it discusses related notions such as monolingualism, bilingualism, multilingualism, and the concept of code. The chapter also outlines the lives and literary contributions of novelists including Chittaranjan Mashahary, Manoranjan Lahary, Sumeeron Jwhwlao Bodosa, and Ashok Basumatary. Furthermore, it presents the aims and objectives of the study, a review of relevant literature, the research hypothesis, data collection procedures, methodology, chapterization of the thesis and other essential components of the research framework. The second chapter is “code-mixing in select Bodo novels.” The chapter discusses on the Concept and types of Code-Mixing, including definitions provided by various scholars and linguists. It explores Code-Mixing involving different languages with reference to examples from select novels. These examples include the insertion of nouns, verbs, adjectives, noun phrases, and verb phrases from other languages such as Assamese, Bangla, Hindi, English, Sanskrit, Persian so on, into the Bodo native language. The discussion in the chapter also covers the use of kinship terms, words form other languages combined with Bodo suffixes, case markers, and Bodo plural markers, and conclusion. The third chapter examines “code-switching in select Bodo novels.” It explores the concept and types of code-switching, supported by definitions from various scholars and linguists. The analysis highlights three major types of code-switching illustrated through dialogues of characters and novelists in selected texts. These forms are inter- sentential code-switching, intra-sentential code-switching, and tag-switching, involving shifts from other languages, particularly, from English and Hindi into Bodo novels. The fourth chapter focuses on the “artistic styles of code-mixing and code-switching in select Bodo novels.” This analysis underscores the employment of various figures of speech as significant literary techniques used by the novelists to enrich their narrative style. The chapter examines how elements such as simile, metaphor, personification, repetition, hybrid words, slang, reduplication, and other stylistic devices are interwoven into the texts to create aesthetic and expressive effects. Furthermore, the study explores how these devices, when combined with code-mixing and code-switching, serve not only as tools of creativity but also as markers of cultural identity, bilingual competence, and social realities. In addition, the chapter discusses the underlying reasons for thefrequent use of code-mixing and code-switching in the selected novels, highlighting how they contribute to authenticity, reflect multilingual contexts, and convey the lived experiences of the Bodo community. The fifth chapter presents the conclusion of the thesis. It provides a comprehensive review of the study, summarizing the key findings and insights drawn from the analysis. This chapter not only highlights the major outcomes of the research but also acknowledges the limitations encountered during the study. Moreover, it identifies potential avenues and scope for further research in this field.

2026-05-01T00:00:00Z KHAKHALARY, PURNA CHANDRA http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/513 2026-05-22T05:43:04Z 2026-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF GOALPARA JILA BORO BARODAL Authors: KHAKHALARY, PURNA CHANDRA Abstract: ABSTRACT The present study examines the multifaceted role of the Goalpara Jila Boro Baro Dal, a traditional social organization of the Bodo community of Goalpara district of Assam, with a particular emphasis on its function in social ceremonies, institutional committees, and indigenous control system. Rooted in customary law and collective decision making, the Goalpara Jila Boro Baro Dal has historically served as a central authority regulating social life, preserving cultural values, and ensuring social cohesion within the community. This study adopts an ethnographic and descriptive approach to explore how the organization continues to operate and adapt in the contemporary religious, and socio-cultural landscape. The first section of the study focuses on the role of the Goalpara Jila Boro Baro Dal in regulating and organizing major life ceremonies such as birth, marriage, and death. These social ceremonies are not merely personal or familial events but are deeply embedded within the collective social framework of the Bodo society. The Goalpara Jila Boro Baro Dal plays a crucial role in guiding ritual practices, ensuring adherence to customary norms, mediating disputes arising during ceremonial arrangements, and maintaining uniformity in traditional observances. Through its involvement, the organization reinforces social solidarity and transmits cultural knowledge across generations. The study further explores the activities undertaken by various functional committees operating under the Goalpara Jila Boro Baro Dal, namely the Religious Committee, Cultural Committee, and women Council. The Religious Committee is instrumental in supervising religious practices, organizing community prayers and festivals, and safeguarding indigenous beliefs alongside evolving religious influences. The Cultural Committee works towards the preservation and promotion of Bodo language, folk traditions, festivals, music, dance, and traditional attire, thereby strengthening cultural identity in the face of modernization and cultural homogenization. Meanwhile, the Women Council plays a significant role in empowering women, addressing gender-specific issues, facilitating participation ofVI women in decision-making processes, and promoting social awareness related to education, health, and family welfare. A significant portion of the study is devoted to analyzing the indigenous social control mechanism employed by the Goalpara Jila Boro Baro Dal. These include the BAD system, i.e. the traditional adjudication and disciplinary mechanisms, customary practices of property allocation, and the use of social sanctions such as ostracism. The BAD system functions as a community-based justice mechanism aimed at resolving conflicts, maintaining moral order, and restoring social harmony without resorting to formal legal institutions. Property allocation practices reflect collective ownership principles and customary inheritance norms, ensuring equitable distribution and preventing internal conflicts. Ostracism, though rarely employed, serves as a powerful social corrective measure against serious violations of community norms, emphasizing reform and reintegration rather than punishment. Overall, this study highlights the enduring relevance of the Goalpara Jila Boro Baro dal as a vital institution of social regulation, religious awareness, cultural preservation, women empowerment, and community governance among the Bodo people of Goalpara district. Despite the influences of modernization, state legal system, and socio-economic changes, the organization continues to play a pivotal role in maintaining social order, resolving conflicts, and reinforcing collective identity. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of indigenous governance systems and underscore the importance of preserving traditional institutions as complementary frameworks to modern administrative structures. Purna Chandra Khakhalary Enrollment No: PHDBDO19001 Ph.D. Registration No: BOD00319 OF 2019- 2020

2026-05-01T00:00:00Z LAHARY, NIHIRBILI http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/510 2026-05-22T05:04:45Z 2026-05-21T00:00:00Z

Title: ETHNICITY AND SOCIAL ISSUES AS REPRESENTED IN SOME SELECTED BODO NOVELS Authors: LAHARY, NIHIRBILI Abstract: ABSTRACT Literature is an art by which the human emotions, thoughts, actions, wins, defeats, losses and struggles are expressed. In other words literature is the library of the history of human life. Novel is a genre of literature in which the story of human life and the society is found. It is through novels that one can get a glimpse of history, achievements, struggles and awareness of the society. The ethnicity and social issues are a complex phenomenon. In the contemporary times the study of ethnicity and social issues has become an integral part of Anthropology, Sociology, Social Science and Arts and Humanities. There is a close relation between ethnicity and social issues because these social issues are based upon ethnicity of a. ethnic group or a community. Every community of the world is conscious about their ethnic identity and to preserve their identity from suppression from other communities ethnic movements arises. The Bodos are peace loving community who has their own ethnic identity like culture, religion, language, folk customs, beliefs, festivals, norms and values. With respect to the diverse issues of cultural categories, social groups and communities with differences in culture and distinct attributes, it often directs to the concept of ethnicity. A significant number of such narratives on both ethnic and tribal societies are found in the Bodo novels throughout the passage of time in its history. In the novels illustrations of ethnic life and culture, hopes and aspirations, struggle for identity are found in numerous depictions. These novels can also be accepted as diverse cultural texts with manifestation of ethnic representation of diverse nature. They furnish a bigger space for argumentation from the stand points of ethnicity, ethnic identity and social issue. In reference to these things the present work aims to study a range of presentation of ethnicity and social issues in Bodo novel with particular reference to six novels authored by different writers which are Sanmwkhangari Lamajwng and Khwmsinifrai Swrangthing by Katindra Swargiary; Alaishri and Dainee? by Monoranjan Lahary and Thwisam and Swmaosarnaini Orgeng by Rita Boro. To study this subject matter five chapters including Introduction and Conclusion are taken. They are –2 Chapter 1 – Introduction. Chapter 2 – Ethnicity in Selected Bodo Novels. Chapter 3 – Social Issues in Selected Bodo Novels. Chapter 4 – Artistic Styles and Devices of Writers in Selected Bodo Novels. Chapter 5 – Conclusion. The Chapter 1 is the introduction chapter. This chapter includes brief introductions of literature, novels, Bodo novels and its trends. The necessary data are collected from both primary source and secondary sources. An analytical and critical method has been proposed to study. The reference has been given by Footnotes as per the Ninth Edition of MLA Handbook. A total of twenty two existing works including books, research journals, articles, magazines and doctoral dissertations have been reviewed. This study has three aims namely – 1. To study the context of ethnicity as has been presented in the selected novels. 2. To study the social issues of the Bodo society as reflected in the selected novels. 3. To exhibit and explore the Artistic Style and Devices in the selected novels. The proposed study makes three hypotheses as stated below – 1. In case of ethnicity, the tradition, culture, folk customs, religion, folk belief, folk festivals, folk literature, language etc. of the Bodos is represented in the novels. 2. The Bodo community is a peace loving community but is often entangled in social issues relating to identity, communal harmony and superstitious beliefs. 3. The novelist’s mode of expression by using their own specific styles makes their stories attractive and feasible. In the Chapter 2 of the proposed study, ethnicity as reflected in the novels is analyzed. The meaning of ethnicity is a group of people who identify as a social group and who shares a common language, culture, tradition inherited by their ancestors. Its concept relates within an ethnic group, ethnic identity and similar aspects of culture and in the present times it has become3 a very important matter of study. In order to know and understand ethnicity, it is essential to have a prior knowledge of folk culture. In other words, folk culture is the source of knowing the ethnicity and ethnic identity of a community. In the novels too, reflection of ethnicity of the Bodo community is clearly seen. The Bodos have a social system by which they administer their society smoothly and beautifully. In this matter their life style and running family life is worth commending. The Bodos often lead their families together with husband, wife, children and servants as per the orders of the head of the family or household. Agriculture is the prime source of their livelihood. They fulfill the daily requirements of the household by staying close to the nature. Bathou is the oldest and sacred religion of the Bodo community. They follow a variety of customary laws, rituals, festivals and folk beliefs are based upon their sacred Bathou religion. There are six types of marriage systems in their society and among them their Hathasuni Haba is highly commendable. The traditional practices of folk medicines occupy a significant space in the Bodo society. They are also quite rich in folk elements which are highlighted in the selected novels. In Chapter 3, the different social issues as reflected in the novels are studied. A social issue is a kind of problem that affects a society in a pessimistic way. It may be either ethnic or impact of modernization upon the generations and is that aspect in the society which worries the people and likes it to change. They are often complex and multidimensional which affects not only an individual, but the entire nation as a whole such as poverty, illiteracy, corruption, communal violence, violence against women, terrorism etc. In the selected novels too such types of social issues are clearly seen. The Bodos as an ethnic group in their daily life has been facing a lot of social issues like political, educational, economical, cultural and so on. Based upon these issues the novelist tries to bring ethnic consciousness and assertion and create consciousness among the women against violence. The Chapter 4 includes Artistic Style and Device of the novelists used in writing their novels. It is an art of writing and expressing their thoughts in the most explicit way. These styles and devices are quite necessary as they bring attention and make their works attractive in the minds of their readers. Every writer has their own special way of writing their literary works. These become clear through their plot construction, characterization, dialogue or use of languages,4 theme selection, expression of setting, storytelling, and literary ornamentation, special or unique words and so on. The Chapter 5 includes the concluding remarks of all the chapters of the study.

2026-05-21T00:00:00Z Mushahary, Chittaranjan http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/506 2026-02-12T05:53:41Z 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A CRITICAL STUDY ON RITA BARO’S NOVELS Authors: Mushahary, Chittaranjan Abstract: Abstract Title of the Study A Critical Study on Rita Baro’s Novels Scholar Chittaranjan Mushahary B.U. Registration No: PHDBO19D007 Supervisor: Dr. Laishri Mahilary Asst. Prof., Dept. of Bodo Bodoland University Rita Baro is a prominent figure in Bodo literature, recognized not only for her contributions to the novel genre but also for her creative works across various forms of prose fiction. This research study aims to explore the creative techniques employed by Rita Baro in her novels. Baro has authored five notable novels: Gongse Okhrangni Singao (Beneath the Sky, 2002), Thwisam (Blood Cot, 2014), Saikhong (Shadow, 2017), Bachiram Jwhwlao (Bachiram Hero, 2017), and Swmaosarnaini Ogang (Volcano of Revolution, 2020). These five novels serve as the primary texts for this study. The research is organized into five chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction, which presents a systematic overview, including the problem statement, aims and objectives, significance of the study, area of study, literature review, methodology, data collection, hypothesis, and a discussion of Rita Baro’s life and works. Chapter 2: Critique of plot construction, characterization, dialogue, and theme. This chapter delves into the creative aspects of Baro’s novels, focusing on how she reflects the natural life and conditions of Bodo society through storytelling. Chapter 3: An exploration of the social, cultural, economic, political, religious, and historical aspects depicted in Baro’s works, emphasizing how these elements influence her narrative style and thematic choices. Chapter 4: Analysis of language use, divided into two sections: the art of words, examining the use of literary devices such as simile, metaphor, imagery, fantasy, onomatopoeia, irony, and rhetorical questions; and the art of language, which looks at the use of dialects and the influence of other languages on Baro’s creative expression. Chapter 5: Conclusion and summary, where the findings of the research are consolidated, highlighting the impact of Rita Baro’s literary contributions and the outcomes of this analysis. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Rita Baro’s creative techniques and the cultural significance of her literary works.

2025-02-01T00:00:00Z