[A THESIS SUBMITTED TO BODOLAND UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SUBJECT OF ASSAMESE UNDER THE FACULTY OF LANGUAGES]

Abstract

̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬N1 ’±Ò±1Ó¬ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 Î◊¬¬ÛÚ...± ̧ – ¤fl¡ ø¬ıÀù≠ ̄∏̱Rfl¡ ’Ò... ̊ ̨Ú [øÚ¬ı«±ø‰¬Ó¬ Î◊¬¬ÛÚ...± ̧1 ø¬ıÀ ̇ ̄∏ Î◊¬ø~‡Ú ̧ ̋√√] õ∂√M√ ·Àa ̄∏̱ ¢∂Lö1 ̧—øé¬5 ̧±1 ̧±ø ̋√√Ó¬...1 øÚÀӬà ÚÓ≈¬Ú ̧•Û1œé¬ÀÌ Œfl¡Ó¬À¬ı±1 Ò±1̱1 ά◊Àij ̄∏ ‚Ȭ± ̋◊√ ÀÂ√o ̋◊√ ̊ ̨±1 ¬Ûø1À¬Ûøé¬Ó¬Ó¬ ̧±ø ̋√√Ó¬... ̧ ̃±À ̆±‰¬Ú±1 Œé¬S‡ÚÓ¬ øÚÀÓ¬ ÚÓ≈¬Ú Ó¬N ¬ı± ̃Ó¬¬ı±√1 ̧”S¬Û±Ó¬ ∆ ̋√√ ’±ø ̋√√ÀÂ√o Ù¬ ̆Ó¬ ¬Û”¬ı«1 ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ Ò...±Ú- Ò±1̱1 ø¬ı¬Û1œÀÓ¬ ̧±ø ̋√√Ó¬...fl¡ Ú¬ı... ‘√ø©ÜÀ1 Ú Ú ̧y±aÚ±À1 Œ‰¬±a±1 ’afl¡± ̇ ·øϬˇ ά◊øͬÀÂ√o ̧±ø ̋√√Ó¬... ̧ ̃±À ̆±‰¬Ú±1 ̆·Ó¬ Ê√øάˇÓ¬ ¤øȬ &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì« Ó¬N ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√ ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬No ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ò±1̱1 ά◊Àij ̄∏ÌÓ√ øÂ√· ̃±G ÙˬÀ ̊ ̨ά1 ˆ”¬ø ̃fl¡± ’Ú...Ó¬ ̃o Œ1±·œ1 ̆·Ó¬ ̧ ̋√√Ê√ fl¡Ô±-¬ıÓ¬1±1 ̃±ÀÊ√À1 ÙˬÀ ̊ ̨Àά Œ1±·œ1 Œ1±·1 fl¡±1Ì ’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“À ̆±fl¡1 ̃±Úø ̧fl¡ Ê√·Ó¬1 ά◊ ̃±Ú ̆í¬ıÕ ̆ ̊P fl¡ø1øÂ√ ̆o ̋◊√ ̊ ̨±1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ øˆ¬øM√√ fl¡ø1À ̊ ̨ ̋◊√ ŒÓ¬›“ ¬ı...øMê ̃Úô¶N1 ̆·Ó¬ Ê√øάˇÓ¬ Œfl¡Ó¬À¬ı±1 õ∂ ̧—· ά◊‚±È¬Ú fl¡ø1øÂ√ ̆o ̧ ̃ ̊ ̨1 ’¢∂·øÓ¬1 ̆À· ̆À· ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬N ̋◊√ ø‰¬øfl¡» ̧± ̇±¶a1 ¬Ûø1øÒ ’øÓ¬Sê ̃ fl¡ø1 ̧±ø ̋√√Ó¬..., fl¡ ̆±, √ ̇«Ú ’±ø√ ’Ú...±Ú... ø¬ıˆ¬±·ÀÓ¬± õ∂Àa ̇ ̆±ˆ¬ fl¡ø1À ̆o ¬’ ̧ ̃œ ̊ ̨± ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧Ó¬ ̃Úô¶Nfl¡ ̧±Ô«fl¡ˆ¬±Àa 1+¬Û± ̊ ̨Ì ‚ÀȬ±a± ¤·1±fl¡œ fi¬ÛÚ...±ø ̧fl¡ ̋√√í ̆ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊« [1966]o ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧ ̧ ̃” ̋√ ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ ø√ ̇1 ¬Û1± ’øÓ¬ &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì«o ø¬ıÀ¬ıfl¡1 õ∂¬ı± ̋√√ ’±ø√ ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡Ó¬±¬ı±√œ ̆é¬Ì øfl¡Â≈√ ̃±Ú ŒÓ¬›“1 ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧Ó¬ ø¬ı√... ̃±Úo ŒÓ¬›“ ̧ ̃ ̧± ̃ø ̊ ̨fl¡ ‚Ȭڱ øfl¡Â≈√ ̃±Úfl¡ ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧1 ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨¬ıd ø ̋√√‰¬±À¬Û ¢∂ ̋√ Ì fl¡ø1À ̆› ̋◊√ ̊ ̨±1 Ê√ø1 ̊ ̨ÀÓ¬ ‰¬ø1S1 ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ ø√ ̇ÀȬ±Ó¬À ̋√√ &1n∏Q õ∂√±Ú fl¡ø1ÀÂ√o ’Ô«±» ¬ı±ø ̋√√...fl¡ ‚Ȭڱ õ∂¬ı±À ̋√√ ‰¬ø1S1 ̃±Úø ̧fl¡ Ê√·Ó¬Ó¬ øfl¡√À1 õ∂ˆ¬±a Œ¬Û ̆± ̋◊√ ÀÂ√ Ó¬±1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ fi¬ÛÚ...±ø ̧fl¡± ̋◊√ ŒÛ± ̋√√1 Œ¬Û ̆± ̋◊√ ÀÂ√o ¤ ̋◊√ ‘√ø©ÜÀfl¡±Ì1 Ù¬± ̆1¬Û1± ̋◊√ ·Àa ̄∏̱1 ¬ı±À¬ı ëë ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬N1 ’±Ò±1Ó¬ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧– ¤fl¡ ø¬ıÀù≠ ̄∏̱Rfl¡ ’Ò... ̊ ̨Ú[øÚ¬ı«±ø‰¬Ó¬ ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧1 ø¬ıÀ ̇ ̄∏ ά◊ø~‡Ú ̧ ̋√√]ííñ ̇œ ̄∏«fl¡ ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨ÀȬ± øÚ¬ı«±‰¬Ú fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ̃Úô¶N ̧•Ûfl¡«Ó¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¬ÛøGÓ¬-√± ̇«øÚÀfl¡ øˆ¬Úƒ øˆ¬Úƒ ̃Ó¬± ̃Ó¬ ’±·¬ıϬˇ± ̋◊√ ÀÂ√o ̋◊√ ̊ ̨±1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ øÂ√· ̃±G ÙˬÀ ̊ ̨ά, fl¡± ̆« ̋◊√ ̊ ̨≈— ’±1n∏ Ê√...±fl¡ ̆“±fl¡±1 ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ ø ̧X±ôL1 ’±Ò±1Ó¬À ̋√√ ’± ̃±1 ·Àa ̄∏̱ ¢∂Lö‡Ú1 Ó¬±øNfl¡ Œˆ¬“øȬ øÚ ̃«±Ì fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ’± ̃±1 ·Àa ̄∏̱ ¢∂LöÓ¬ fi¬ÛÚ...±ø ̧fl¡±1 ’±È¬± ̋◊√ Àfl¡ ̋◊√ ‡Ú ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧ ’Ò... ̊ ̨Ú1 ¬ı±À¬ı øÚ¬ı«±‰¬Ú fl¡1± Œ ̋√√±a± Ú± ̋◊√ o ·Àa ̄∏̱ ¢∂Lö1 ¬Ûø1 ̧1 Ó¬Ô± ·Àa ̄∏̱ ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨1 õ∂øÓ¬ ̆é¬... 1±ø‡ fi¬ÛÚ...±ø ̧fl¡±1 √ ̋√ ‡Ú ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧ ’±À ̆±‰¬Ú±1 ¬ı±À¬ı øÚX«±1Ì fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ¤ ̋◊√ √ ̋√ ‡Ú ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧À1± ’±ÚÀ¬ı±1 ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨ Ó¬Ô± ‘√ø©Üˆ¬—·œfl¡ ’±›fl¡±Ì fl¡ø1 ’fl¡ ̆ ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ ‘√ø©Üˆ¬—·œÀ1À ̋√√ ø¬ı‰¬±1 fl¡ø1 Œ‰¬±a± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o 1ëë ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬N1 ’±Ò±1Ó¬ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧– ¤fl¡ ø¬ıÀù≠ ̄∏̱Rfl¡ ’Ò... ̊ ̨Ú[øÚ¬ı«±ø‰¬Ó¬ ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧1 ø¬ıÀ ̇ ̄∏ ά◊ø~‡Ú ̧ ̋√√]ííñ ̇œ ̄∏«fl¡ ·Àa ̄∏̱ ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨ÀȬ± ’aÓ¬1øÌfl¡± ’±1n∏ ά◊¬Û ̧— ̋√√±11 ̆·ÀÓ¬ ̃” ̆ ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨¬ıdfl¡ ¬ Â√ ̊ ̨Ȭ± ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ ’±À ̆±‰¬Ú± fl¡1± ∆ ̋ÀÂ√√ o ’aÓ¬1øÌfl¡± ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨1 ¬Ûø1‰¬ ̊ ̨ √±ø„√√ Ò1± ∆ ̋ÀÂ√√ o ̆·ÀÓ¬ ·Àa ̄∏̱1 ά◊ÀV ̇..., ·Àa ̄∏̱1 &1n∏Q, ·Àa ̄∏̱1 Ó¬Ô... ̧—¢∂ ̋√ Ó¬Ô± ·Àa ̄∏̱ ¬ÛXøÓ¬, ·Àa ̄∏̱1 ¬Ûø1 ̧1, ¬Û”¬ı«fl‘¡Ó¬ ’Ò... ̊ ̨Ú1 ’±ˆ¬± ̧ ø√ ̊ ̨± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ·Àa ̄∏̱1 ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨¬ıd ø¬ıÀù≠ ̄∏̱Rfl¡ ¬ÛXøÓ¬À1 ’Ò... ̊ ̨Ú fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ·Àa ̄∏̱ ¢∂Lö‡Ú1 õ∂Ô ̃ ’Ò...± ̊ ̨1 ’±1yøÌÀÓ¬ ̃Úô¶N øfl¡ ’±1n∏ ̃Úô¶N ̧•Ûfl¡«Ó¬ õ∂Ò±Ú √± ̇«øÚfl¡ ¬ÛøGÓ¬ ̧fl¡À ̆ ’±·¬ıÀϬˇ±a± Ò±1̱1 ’±ˆ¬± ̧ √±ø„√√ Ò1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√√o ’± ̃±1 ·Àa ̄∏̱ ¢∂Lö‡ÚÓ¬ õ∂Ò±Úˆ¬±Àa øÂ√· ̃±G ÙˬÀ ̊ ̨ά, fl¡± ̆« &ô¶±ˆ¬ ̋◊√ ̊ ̨≈— ’±1n∏ Ê√...±fl¡ ̆“±fl¡±1 ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬Nfl¡ Ó¬±øNfl¡ ’±À ̆±‰¬Ú±1 ’±Ò±1 ø ̋√√‰¬±À¬Û ¢∂ ̋√ Ì fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o Œ ̧À ̊ ̨À ̋√√ õ∂Ô ̃ ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ ¤ ̋◊√ øÓ¬øÚ·1±fl¡œ √± ̇«øÚfl¡ ¬ÛøGÀÓ¬ ̃Úô¶N ̧•ÛÀfl¡« ’±·¬ıÀϬˇ±a± õ∂Ò±Ú ̧”S ̧ ̃” ̋√ 1 ’±À ̆±‰¬Ú± fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ̆·ÀÓ¬ ¤›“À ̆±fl¡1 ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬N1 ’±Ò±1Ó¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß õ∂ ̧—·Ó¬ ̧±ø ̋√√Ó¬...1 ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ &1n∏Q ø¬ı‰¬±1 fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ø¡ZÓ¬œ ̊ ̨ ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 Ê√œaÚ ’±1n∏ ̧±ø ̋√√Ó¬...fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ’aÀ ̆±fl¡Ú fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ’Ò...± ̊ ̨ÀȬ±Ó¬ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 Ê√œaÚ1 ¤fl¡ ‰¬ ̃≈ ¬Ûø1‰¬ ̊ ̨ √±ø„√√ Ò1±1 ̆·ÀÓ¬ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 ̧±ø ̋√√Ó¬...fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ̧± ̃ø¢∂fl¡ ’±À ̆±‰¬Ú± ’±·¬ıÀϬˇ±a± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o Ó‘¡Ó¬œ ̊ ̨ ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 øÚ¬ı«±ø‰¬Ó¬ ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧1 ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨¬ıd1 ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬±»¬Û ̊« ø¬ı‰¬±1 fl¡ø1 Œ‰¬±a± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o fi¬ÛÚ...±ø ̧fl¡±1 øÚ¬ı«±ø‰¬Ó¬ ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧Ó¬ ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬N1 ̆·Ó¬ Ê√øάˇÓ¬ ∆ ̇ ̇a1 ’øˆ¬:Ó¬±, ’aÀ‰¬Ó¬Ú õ∂aÌÓ¬±, ’a√ ̃Ú, ̧À¬Û±Ú1 õ∂ ̧—·, ̋◊√ À ̆fl¡∏C± fl¡ ̃Àõ≠' ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨ ø ̋√√‰¬±À¬Û õ∂fl¡± ̇ ‚øȬÀÂ√o ̃Úô¶N1 ̧ ̃±Ê√Ó¬±øNfl¡ ø√ ̇1 ’±À ̆±‰¬Ú±Ó¬ ¬Ûø1 ̊ ̨± ̆Àfl¡øffl¡ ̃Ó¬±√ ̇«, ¬Û≈1n∏ ̄∏Ó¬±øLafl¡ ̃Ó¬±√ ̇«, ’Ô«ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ fl¡±1Àfl¡ ¬ı...øMê ̃Úô¶NÓ¬ Œ¬ÛÀ ̆±a± õ∂ˆ¬±a, õ∂±ôLœ ̊ ̨fl¡1Ì, ̧ ̃±Ê√1 Œ|Ìœ ∆¬ı ̄∏ ̃..., Ê√±øÓ¬-Ò ̃«1 õ∂ ̧—·, ’gø¬ıù ́± ̧, ̧ ̃±Ê√- ̧±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ̃Ó¬±√ ̇«·Ó¬ fl¡±1Àfl¡ ·Ï¬ˇ ø√ ̊ ̨± ά◊Õ ̃ ̋√√Ó¬œ ̊ ̨± ¬ı...øMê ̃Úô¶N, ̧± ̃±øÊ√fl¡ fiø‰¬Ó¬...Ó¬± ’±ø√ ø¬ı ̄∏ ̊ ̨ ̧ ̃” ̋√ 1 ̆·Ó¬ Ê√øάˇÓ¬ ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ò...±Ú-Ò±1̱1 õ∂fl¡± ̇ ‚øȬÀÂ√o ‰¬Ó≈¬Ô« ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 øÚ¬ı«±ø‰¬Ó¬ ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧1 ‰¬ø1S1 ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ ’Ò... ̊ ̨Ú fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ’Ò...± ̊ ̨ÀȬ±Ó¬ ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ ‘√ø©Üˆ¬—·œÀ1 ‰¬ø1S1 ¤fl¡±fl¡œQ, ‰¬ø1S1 ∆Ê√øafl¡ Ó¬±Î¬ˇÚ± ’±1n∏ ‰¬ø1S1 ∆ÚøÓ¬fl¡Ó¬±1 ̃±Ê√Ó¬ Œ ̋√√±a± ¡ZiZ, ‰¬ø1S1 ̃‘Ó≈¬...¶Û‘ ̋√ ±, ‰¬ø1S1 Ê√œaÚ¶Û‘ ̋√ ±, ‰¬ø1S1 ’¶§±ˆ¬±øafl¡ ’±‰¬1Ì, ‰¬ø1S1 ’Ó¬œÓ¬ ¶ú‘øÓ¬ ’±ø√ õ∂ ̧—· ̧ ̃” ̋√ ø¬ıÀù≠ ̄∏Ì fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ø¬ıøˆ¬iß õ∂øÓ¬fl” ̆Ó¬±1 ̧ij≈‡œÚ ∆ ̋√√› ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧1 ‰¬ø1S ̧ ̃” ̋√ 1 øfl¡√À1 2 ̃±Úø ̧fl¡ ά◊M√ 1Ì ‚øȬÀÂ√ Œ ̧ ̊ ̨±› ¤ ̋◊√ ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ ’±À ̆±‰¬Ú± fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ¬Û= ̃ ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ ̃øÌfl≈¡ôL ̆± ˆ¬A±‰¬± ̊«1 øÚ¬ı«±ø‰¬Ó¬ ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧Ó¬ ¬ı...a ̋√√+Ó¬ ’±—ø·fl¡ ’±1n∏ fl¡ ̆±-Œfl¡Ã ̇ ̆1 ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ Ó¬±»¬Û ̊« ø¬ı‰¬±1 fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ’Ò...± ̊ ̨ÀȬ±Ó¬ ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ ‘√ø©Üˆ¬—·œÀ1 ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧1 ˆ¬± ̄∏±, Œ‰¬Ó¬Ú±À¶⁄±Ó¬ 1œøÓ¬, ά◊¬Ûfl¡±ø ̋√√Úœ, ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧Ó¬ ¬ı...a ̋√√+Ó¬ fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬±, 1+¬Û±—· ’±ø√ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß õ∂ ̧—·1 ’Ò... ̊ ̨Ú fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ̆·ÀÓ¬ ¤ ̋◊√ ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ ά◊¬ÛÚ...± ̧ ̧ ̃” ̋√ 1 fl¡Ôfl¡1 ̃Úô¶±øNfl¡ ø√À ̇± ’Ò... ̊ ̨Ú fl¡1± ∆ ̋√√ÀÂ√o ̄∏ᬠ’Ò...± ̊ ̨Ó¬ Œ ̆‡fl¡ ’±1n∏ ¬Û±Í¬√fl¡1 õ∂ 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